A Distribution System Operator (DSO) is responsible for the operation, maintenance, and development of the local electricity distribution network, typically at voltages below 150 kV. DSOs ensure reliable power delivery from the transmission grid or local generators to end users, including households, businesses, and industries. They are key enablers of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as rooftop solar and BESS, and play a central role in grid modernization, smart metering, and demand response programs.