TWAICE battery electric vehicle
Research Papers

Evaluation of transmission losses of various battery electric vehicles

Transmission losses in battery electric vehicles have compared to internal combustion engine powertrains a larger share in the total energy consumption and play therefore a major role. In this paper, three simulation models of the Institute of Automotive Engineering are presented.

TWAICE / Feb 14, 2023

twaicetech

TWAICE helped me to learn more about: Evaluation of transmission losses of various battery electric vehicles read article here:

www.twaice.com/research/evaluation-of-transmission-losses-of-various-battery-electric-vehicles

#thinktwaice

Evaluation of transmission losses of various battery electric vehicles

Johannes Hengst (TWAICE, TU Braunschweig), Matthias Werra (TU Braunschweig) & Ferit Küçükay (TU Braunschweig)

Abstract

Transmission losses in battery electric vehicles have compared to internal combustion engine powertrains a larger share in the total energy consumption and play therefore a major role.

Furthermore, the power flows not only during propulsion through the transmissions, but also during recuperation, whereby efficiency improvements have a double effect. The investigation of transmission losses of electric vehicles thus plays a major role.

In this paper, three simulation models of the Institute of Automotive Engineering (the lossmap-based simulation model, the modular simulation model, and the 3D simulation model) are presented. The lossmap-based simulation model calculates transmission losses for electric and hybrid transmissions, where three spur gear transmission concepts for battery electric vehicles are investigated. The transmission concepts include a single-speed transmission as a reference and two two-speed transmissions.

Then, the transmission lossmaps are integrated into the modular simulation model (backward simulation) and in the 3D simulation model (forward simulation), which improves the simulation results. The modular simulation model calculates the optimal operation of the transmission concepts and the 3D simulation model represents the more realistic behavior of the transmission concepts. The different transmission concepts are investigated in Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle and evaluated in terms of transmission losses as well as the total energy demand.

The map-based simulation model allows the transmission losses to be broken down into the individual component losses, thus allowing transmission concepts to be examined and evaluated in terms of their efficiency in the early development stage to develop optimum powertrains for electric axle drives. By considering transmission losses in detail with a high degree of accuracy, less efficient concepts can be eliminated at an early development stage. As a result, only relevant concepts are built as prototypes, which reduces development costs.

Access the paper here.

Related Resources

June 9, 2023

Mechanistic calendar aging model for lithium-ion batteries

In this work we present a novel mechanistic calendar aging model for a commercial lithium-ion cell with NCA cathode and silicon-graphite anode. The mechanistic calendar aging model is a semi-empirical aging model that is parameterized on component states of health, instead of capacity.
April 12, 2023

Measurement Approaches for Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy of Li-ion Batteries

Battery performance, lifetime and safety are highly dependent on temperature. With the recent high demand for power capabilities, heat management has become increasingly relevant.
July 13, 2022

Modeling capacity fade of li-ion batteries

Aging models are fundamental tools to optimize the application of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we show that the CAP-method models capacity fade more accurately when applied to dynamic cyclic aging tests with periodically changing mean state-of-charge, depth-of-discharge, ambient temperature and discharge rates for a commercial NCA cell with a silicon-doped graphite anode.