Research Papers

Measurement Approaches for Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy of Li-ion Batteries

Battery performance, lifetime and safety are highly dependent on temperature. With the recent high demand for power capabilities, heat management has become increasingly relevant.

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Cedric Kirst

Prof. Jan Singer

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Two novel measurement methods for capturing the thermal behaviour of Li-ion cells in the frequency domain

Authors: Cedric Kirst, Juan Ramos Zayas, Jan Singer

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Highlights

Two new measurement approaches for Thermal Impedance Spectroscopy of Li-ion cells
Reduction of the state of the art thermal measurement time by 62%
Thermal models show a MAE below 0.3 K on a validation measurement in the time domain

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This work introduces two novel measurement methods for capturing the thermal behaviour of Li-ion cells in the frequency domain. For the validation, we compare them to the state of the art measurement method, in which the battery is thermally stimulated by a set of discrete frequencies, each tested individually in a sequential manner.

All experiments are conducted with a cylindrical 18650 LFP-Graphite cell and lead to similar thermal impedance spectra. We validate a 0-D thermal model fitted to the respective measurement results with a thermal step response in the time domain. The results show, that all three models accurately represent the thermal behaviour of a Li-ion cell, with a mean absolute error below 0.3 K on the validation test. A spider-web diagram classifies and compares the given methods based on five values showing, that the state of art thermal measurement time can be reduced by 62% while also increasing the impedance measurement resolution by measuring multiple frequencies simultaneously.

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About the Authors

Cedric Kirst

Cedric Kirst is a Battery Engineer at TWAICE Technologies GmbH, where he has worked since August 2018. He also serves as an Associate Researcher at the TUM Chair of Electrical Energy Storage Technology, a role he has held since March 2023.

Cedric’s professional journey includes a significant tenure as a Student Assistant at the Bundeswehr University Munich from January 2017 to October 2019. He also gained valuable industry experience during his internship at IBM Research Dublin, where he participated in the EnableS3 project funded by the European Union.

Cedric holds a Master of Science in Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering from the Technical University of Munich, completed in 2020. He also earned his Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the same institution in 2018.

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Prof. Jan Singer

Dr. Jan Singer is Engineering Manager at TWAICE, where his primary focus is working on laboratory measurements and battery models. Before he joined TWAICE in 2019, he was a Research Associate at the Chair for Electrical Energy Storage Systems, Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Germany. During his Ph.D. studies under the supervision of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Peter Birke, he focused on the detection of electrochemical effects induced by volume strains and the development of new non-destructive characterization methods for lithium-ion cells. He started his professional career in 2006 as mechatronic technician at Harman/Becker Automotive Systems. In 2012, he received his Bachelor’s degree from University of Applied Sciences Ulm and graduated with an M.Sc. from University of Stuttgart in 2015.

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